Parkinson's Disease is a disease mostly affecting middle-aged and elderly people characterized by tremors and rigid, slow movement. It is also known as PD or Parkinson disease. Early symptoms of PD are subtle and occur gradually. Parkinson's disease belongs to a group of conditions called movement disorders.



Symptoms of Parkinson's disease:



1-Loss of automatic movements.


2-Fatigue.


3-Difficulty swallowing.


4-Nightmares.


5-Depression.


6-Micrographia (small, cramped handwriting).


7-Difficulty walking or buttoning clothes.



Some other common symptoms are muscle stiffness and ache, problems with balance, a shuffling type of step when walking, problems with swallowing and talking, and postural changes. Although these are a few of the more common symptoms, many other symptoms are also possible and may in fact be a significant problem for a given patient.



Parkinson's Disease for Treatment Tips



1. Carbidopa and benserazide are dopa decarboxylase inhibitors.


2. Tolcapone inhibits the COMT enzyme, thereby prolonging the effects of L-dopa, and so has been used to complement L-dopa.


3. Selegiline and rasagiline reduce the symptoms by inhibiting monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B).


4. An antiviral drug, amantadine, can help reduce symptoms of PD and levodopa-induced dyskinesia.



Causes of Parkinson's disease



It is not clear as to what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson's disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited.



Causes of Parkinson's disease can be genetic, as a result of head trauma, drug-induced, and certain toxins too. Other times there are no known causes of Parkinson's disease in patients.



signs of Parkinson's:



o Tremors or Trembling: for nearly three quarters of patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, the appearance of tremors or trembling is the first noticeable symptom.



o Muscle stiffness -Parkinson's patients experiencing stiffness or rigidity may not notice any other symptoms of this characteristic. In fact, the person may not even notice the signs of rigidity unless a physician notes it during a physical examination.



Parkinson's disease can affect anyone at any age however statistics show that it is much more common in men over the age of 50 than any other group of people. This doesn't mean however that younger people are safe; the number of people under the age of 50 affected by the disease is rising steadily. Parkinson's disease affects around 0.02% of the worlds population which doesn't sound much but as you get older the probability of developing the disease increases dramatically.



Prevention



Researchers believe that the main reason underlying the protective action of nicotine maybe its ability to increase the expression of neurotrophic factors that are known to help the survival of dopaminergic neurons, as nicotine increases the number of "nicotinic" receptors in the brain.



Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disorder of nerve cells in the mid-brain and the corresponding loss of the neuro-transmitting chemical dopamine produced by those cells. In common words, Parkinson's disease is a movement disorder. It occurs when nerve cells, or neurons, in an area of the brain known as the substantia nigra die or become impaired.









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